Improving Member States preparedness to face an HNS pollution of the Marine System (HNS-MS)
Benzene
Description Top
| CAS number | 71-43-2 |
| UN number | 1114 |
| Chemical formula | C6H6 |
| Accident occurred | Yes |
| Standard European Behaviour Classification (SEBC) | Evaporator (E) |
GESAMP Hazard profile
| A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | C1 | C2 | C3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | E1 | E2 | E3 |
| 1 | R | 2 | NI | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | CMT | NT | E | 3 |
Marine pollution Classification (MARPOL Annex II)
| Category | Description |
| Y | Noxious Liquid Substances which, if discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or deballasting operations, are deemed to present a hazard to either marine resources or human health or cause harm to amenities or other legitimate uses of the sea and therefore justify a limitation on the quality and quantity of the discharge into the marine environment. |
Alternate names for this chemical
Benzol
Carbon Oil
Coal Naphtha
Cyclohexatriene
Phenyl Hydride
(6)Annulene
Benzole
Benzolene
Pyrobenzol
Pyrobenzole
Benzene
Carbon Oil
Coal Naphtha
Cyclohexatriene
Phenyl Hydride
(6)Annulene
Benzole
Benzolene
Pyrobenzol
Pyrobenzole
Benzene
Physico-chemical properties Top
| Chemical formula | C6H6 | |||
| Molar mass | 78.11 [g/mol] | |||
| Critical molar volume | 0.000265 [m³/mol] | |||
| State | Liquid at 25°C and 1 atm | |||
| Fusion temperature | 5.5 [°C] | |||
| Boiling temperature | 80.1 [°C] | |||
| Critical temperature | 562.05 [°C] | |||
| Density |
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| Surface tension |
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| Interfacial tension |
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| Kinematic viscosity |
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| Hydrosolubility |
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| Vapour pressure |
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| Critical pressure | 4895000 [Pa] | |||
| Vapour density | 2.8 | |||
| Flash point (Pensky-Martens closed cup) | -11 [°C] | |||
| Lower explosivity limit (LEL) | 1.2 [%] | |||
| Upper explosivity limit (UEL) | 8 [%] | |||
| Vaporization enthalpy |
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| Combustion enthalpy | 40100000 [J/Kg] | |||
| Specific heat capacity | 1745 [J/(Kg·K)] | |||
| Combustion efficiency | 70 [%] | |||
| Mass flow rate of the combustion surface | 0.09 [Kg/(m²·s)] | |||
| Radiative fraction | 60 [%] | |||
| Henry's constant | 545 [mol/(m³·Pa)] |
Behaviour Top
| Log Kow | 2.13 |
| Log Koc | 1.85 |
| Hydrolysis (Half-life) | Not hydrolysable |
| Aqueous photolysis (Half-life) | Not photolysable |
| Biodegradation in estuary environment (Half-life) | 15 days |
| Biodegradation in marine environment (Half-life) | 50 days |
| Standard European Behaviour Classification (SEBC) | Evaporator (E) |
| Bioconcentration factor (BCF) | 11 |
Ecotoxicity Top
| Lowest median lethal concentration (LC50) on algae | 29 [mg/l] | ||
| Lowest median lethal concentration (LC50) on crustacean | 10 [mg/l] | ||
| Lowest median lethal concentration (LC50) on fishes | 4.9 [mg/l] | ||
| Highest no observed effect concentration (NOEC) on algae | 9.6 [mg/l] | ||
| Highest no observed effect concentration (NOEC) on crustacean | 3 [mg/l] | ||
| Highest no observed effect concentration (NOEC) on fishes | 0.8 [mg/l] | ||
| Assessment factor (AF) |
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| Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC) |
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Hazards Top
Danger
| IDLH | 500 [ppm] |
Hazards statements
Physical
H225
Highly flammable liquid and vapour.
Health
H304
May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.
H315
Causes skin irritation.
H319
Causes serious eye irritation.
H340
May cause genetic defects. Exposure cause the hazard:
H350
May cause cancer.
H372
Causes damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure, exposure cause the hazard:
Precautionary statements
Prevention
P202
Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210
Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. No smoking.
P243
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P280
Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
Response
P331
Do NOT induce vomiting.
P301 + P310
IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P303 + P361 + P353
IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
GESAMP Top
GESAMP Hazard profile
| A1 | A2 | B1 | B2 | C1 | C2 | C3 | D1 | D2 | D3 | E1 | E2 | E3 |
| 1 | R | 2 | NI | 1 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 2 | CMT | NT | E | 3 |
A1: Bioaccumulation
| Rating | Description |
| 1 | Very low potential to bioaccumulate |
A1a:
| Rating | Description | Criteria [mg/l] |
| 2 | Low potential to bioaccumulate | 2 ≤ Log Kow < 3 |
A1b:
| Rating | Description | Criteria |
| 1 | Very low potential to bioaccumulate | 1 ≤ BCF < 10 |
A2: Biodegradation
| Rating | Description |
| R | Readily biodegradable |
B1: Acute aquatic toxicity
| Rating | Description | Criteria [mg/l] |
| 2 | Slightly toxic | 10 < LC/EC/IC50 ≤ 100 |
B2: Chronic aquatic toxicity
| Rating | Description |
| NI | No Information |
C1: Acute oral toxicity
| Rating | Description | Criteria [mg/Kg] |
| 1 | Slight | 300 < AOTE ≤ 2000 |
C2: Acute dermal toxicity (skin contact)
| Rating | Description | Criteria [mg/Kg] |
| 0 | Negligible | ADTE > 2000 |
C3: Acute inhalation toxicity
| Rating | Description | Criteria [mg/l] (4 hours exposure) |
| 0 | Negligible | AITE > 20 |
D1: Skin irritation or corrosion
| Rating | Description | Sign | GHS category |
| 2 | Irritating | Marked erythema, Obvio | Irritant Category 2 |
D2: Eye irritation
| Rating | Description | Sign | GHS category |
| 2 | Irritating | Marked conjunctival hy | Irritant Category 2A |
D3: Long-term health effects
| Notation | Hazard endpoint | Description | GHS category |
| C | Carcinogenicity | Chemicals which have been shown to induce or increase the incidence of cancer | Category 1 for Carcinogens |
| M | Mutagenicity | Cause a permanent change in the amount or structure of genetic material in cells | Categories 1 and 2 for Germ Cell Mutagens |
| T | Specific Target, Organ Toxicity following single or repeated exposure | Significant changes which affect the morphology or biochemistry of tissues or organs; organ dysfunction up to death | Categories 1 and 2 for Specific Target Organ Toxicity Single (STOT-SE) or Repeated Exposure (STOT-RE) |
E1: Tainting of seafood
| Rating | Description |
| NT | The substance has been tested for tainting and found not to taint following exposure of the fish for 24h to 1mg/l. |
E2: Behaviour of chemicals in the marine environment
| Rating | Description |
| E | Evaporator |
E3: Interference with the use of coastal amenities
| Rating | Interference | Description | Interpretation | Warning |
| 3 | Highly objectionable | 1 is highly acutely toxic; and/or 2 is severely irritant or corrosive to skin or eyes; and/or 3 is carcinogenic, mutagenic or reprotoxic; and/or 4 is a floater or persistent floater with associated health effects | 1 C1 and/or C2 and/or C3 = 4; and/or 2 D1 or D2 = 3, 3A, 3B, or 3C; and/or 3 D3 contains C, M or R; and/or 4 E2 = F or Fp and D3 contains Ss, Sr, T, A, N, or I | Warning issued leading to the closure of amenities |
GHS Security Information
Danger
About the project
HNS-MS is a decision-support tool that Belgian and French maritime authorities as well as coastguard stations can activate in order to forecast the drift, fate and behavior of acute marine pollution by Harmful Noxious Substances (HNS) accidentally released in the marine system.
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Copyright © 2015–2024 HNS-MS Consortium
HNS-MS has been funded by DG-ECHO under agreement ECHO/SUB/2014/693705 and runs from 1 January 2015 to 31 March 2017.