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Improving Member States preparedness to face an HNS pollution of the Marine System (HNS-MS)

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Toluene

Description Top

CAS number 108-88-3
UN number 1294
Chemical formula C7H8
Accident occurred Yes
Standard European Behaviour Classification (SEBC) Evaporator (E)
GESAMP Hazard profile
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 C3 D1 D2 D3 E1 E2 E3
2 R 3 0 0 0 0 2 2 RAN NT E 3

Marine pollution Classification (MARPOL Annex II)
Category Description
Y Noxious Liquid Substances which, if discharged into the sea from tank cleaning or deballasting operations, are deemed to present a hazard to either marine resources or human health or cause harm to amenities or other legitimate uses of the sea and therefore justify a limitation on the quality and quantity of the discharge into the marine environment.

Alternate names for this chemical
Methylbenzene
Methylbenzol
Phenylmethane
Toluol
Toluene


Physico-chemical properties Top

Chemical formula C7H8
Molar mass 92.15 [g/mol]
State Liquid at 25°C and 1 atm
Fusion temperature -95 [°C]
Boiling temperature 110.6 [°C]
Density
870 [Kg/m³] at a temperature of 20°C
880.9 [Kg/m³] at a temperature of 5°C
875.7 [Kg/m³] at a temperature of 10°C
868.3 [Kg/m³] at a temperature of 20°C
Surface tension
28.52 [mN/m] at a temperature of 20°C
27.93 [mN/m] at a temperature of 25°C
29.8 [mN/m] at a temperature of 5.6°C
28.66 [mN/m] at a temperature of 11.6°C
28.01 [mN/m] at a temperature of 18.1°C
Interfacial tension
36.1 [mN/m] at a temperature of 25°C and salinity of 0‰
Kinematic viscosity
0.68 [cSt] at a temperature of 20°C
0.64 [cSt] at a temperature of 25°C
2.2477 [cSt] at a temperature of 5°C
2.0669 [cSt] at a temperature of 10°C
2.0845 [cSt] at a temperature of 20°C
Hydrosolubility
515 [mg/l] at a temperature of 20°C and salinity of 0‰
535 [mg/l] at a temperature of 25°C and salinity of 0‰
387 [mg/l] at a temperature of 25°C and salinity of 35‰
160 [mg/l] at a temperature of 20°C and salinity of 0‰
150 [mg/l] at a temperature of 20°C and salinity of 5‰
110 [mg/l] at a temperature of 20°C and salinity of 30‰
Vapour pressure
3000 [Pa] at a temperature of 20°C
3800 [Pa] at a temperature of 25°C
Vapour density 3
Flash point (Pensky-Martens closed cup) 4 [°C]
Flash point (Cleveland open cup) 12.8 [°C]
Lower explosivity limit (LEL) 1.2 [%]
Upper explosivity limit (UEL) 7.1 [%]
Vaporization enthalpy
360065 [J/Kg] at a temperature of 110.6°C
412480 [J/Kg] at a temperature of 25°C
Combustion enthalpy 40500000 [J/Kg]
Specific heat capacity 1707 [J/(Kg·K)]
Combustion efficiency 71 [%]
Mass flow rate of the combustion surface 0.11 [Kg/(m²·s)]
Radiative fraction 60 [%]
Henry's constant 673 [mol/(m³·Pa)]


Behaviour Top

Log Kow 2.65
Log Koc 2.25
Hydrolysis (Half-life) Not hydrolysable
Aqueous photolysis (Half-life) Not photolysable
Biodegradation in estuary environment (Half-life) 15 days
Biodegradation in marine environment (Half-life) 30 days
Standard European Behaviour Classification (SEBC) Evaporator (E)
Bioconcentration factor (BCF) 90


Ecotoxicity Top

Lowest median lethal concentration (LC50) on algae 9.4 [mg/l]
Lowest median lethal concentration (LC50) on crustacean 3.5 [mg/l]
Lowest median lethal concentration (LC50) on fishes 5.4 [mg/l]
Highest no observed effect concentration (NOEC) on algae 1.2 [mg/l]
Highest no observed effect concentration (NOEC) on crustacean 0.74 [mg/l]
Highest no observed effect concentration (NOEC) on fishes 1.4 [mg/l]
Assessment factor (AF)
100 on the short-term
100 on the long-term
Predicted No Effect Concentration (PNEC)
35 [µg/l] on the short-term
7.4 [µg/l] on the long-term


Hazards Top

Flammable
Harmful
Health Hazard

Danger

IDLH 500 [ppm]
Hazards statements
Physical
H225
Highly flammable liquid and vapour.
Health
H304
May be fatal if swallowed and enters airways.
H315
Causes skin irritation.
H336
May cause drowsiness or dizziness.
H361
Suspected of damaging fertility or the unborn child.
H373
May cause damage to organs through prolonged or repeated exposure, exposure cause the hazard:

Precautionary statements
Prevention
P202
Do not handle until all safety precautions have been read and understood.
P210
Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames/hot surfaces. No smoking.
P243
Take precautionary measures against static discharge.
P260
Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray.
P280
Wear protective gloves/protective clothing/eye protection/face protection.
Response
P331
Do NOT induce vomiting.
P301 + P310
IF SWALLOWED: Immediately call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician.
P303 + P361 + P353
IF ON SKIN (or hair): Remove/Take off immediately all contaminated clothing. Rinse skin with water/shower.
P304 + P340
IF INHALED: Remove victim to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing.
P308 + P313
IF exposed or concerned: Get medical advice/attention.


GESAMP Top

GESAMP Hazard profile
A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 C3 D1 D2 D3 E1 E2 E3
2 R 3 0 0 0 0 2 2 RAN NT E 3

A1: Bioaccumulation
Rating Description
2 Low potential to bioaccumulate
A1a:
Rating Description Criteria [mg/l]
2 Low potential to bioaccumulate 2 ≤ Log Kow < 3
A1b:
Rating Description Criteria
2 Low potential to bioaccumulate 10 ≤ BCF < 100
A2: Biodegradation
Rating Description
R Readily biodegradable
B1: Acute aquatic toxicity
Rating Description Criteria [mg/l]
3 Moderately toxic 1 < LC/EC/IC50 ≤ 10
B2: Chronic aquatic toxicity
Rating Description Criteria [mg/l]
0 Negligible NOEC > 1
C1: Acute oral toxicity
Rating Description Criteria [mg/Kg]
0 Negligible AOTE > 2000
C2: Acute dermal toxicity (skin contact)
Rating Description Criteria [mg/Kg]
0 Negligible ADTE > 2000
C3: Acute inhalation toxicity
Rating Description Criteria [mg/l] (4 hours exposure)
0 Negligible AITE > 20
D1: Skin irritation or corrosion
Rating Description Sign GHS category
2 Irritating Marked erythema, Obvio Irritant Category 2
D2: Eye irritation
Rating Description Sign GHS category
2 Irritating Marked conjunctival hy Irritant Category 2A
D3: Long-term health effects
Notation Hazard endpoint Description GHS category
R Reprotoxicity Cause adverse effects on reproductive ability or capacity, or on the development of offspring Category 1 for Reproductive Toxicants
A Aspiration Lung injury or chemical pneumonia following aspiration of a chemical through the oral or nasal cavity into the trachea or lower respiratory system Category 1 for Aspiration Toxicity
N Neurotoxicity Significant changes which affect the morphology or biochemistry of central nervous system or senses
E1: Tainting of seafood
Rating Description
NT The substance has been tested for tainting and found not to taint following exposure of the fish for 24h to 1mg/l.
E2: Behaviour of chemicals in the marine environment
Rating Description
E Evaporator
E3: Interference with the use of coastal amenities
Rating Interference Description Interpretation Warning
3 Highly objectionable 1 is highly acutely toxic; and/or 2 is severely irritant or corrosive to skin or eyes; and/or 3 is carcinogenic, mutagenic or reprotoxic; and/or 4 is a floater or persistent floater with associated health effects 1 C1 and/or C2 and/or C3 = 4; and/or 2 D1 or D2 = 3, 3A, 3B, or 3C; and/or 3 D3 contains C, M or R; and/or 4 E2 = F or Fp and D3 contains Ss, Sr, T, A, N, or I Warning issued leading to the closure of amenities

GHS Security Information

Flammable
Harmful
Health Hazard

Danger

  About the project

HNS-MS is a decision-support tool that Belgian and French maritime authorities as well as coastguard stations can activate in order to forecast the drift, fate and behavior of acute marine pollution by Harmful Noxious Substances (HNS) accidentally released in the marine system.

  Contact us

Web: https://www.hns-ms.eu/

Tel : +32 (0)2 773-2102

Mail : hns-ms@naturalsciences.be

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EU flagHNS-MS has been funded by DG-ECHO under agreement ECHO/SUB/2014/693705 and runs from 1 January 2015 to 31 March 2017.